The solar constant is the amount of heat energy received per second per unit area of a perfectly black surface placed at a mean distance of the Earth from the Sun, in the absence of Earth's atmosphere, the surface being held perpendicular to the direction of Sun's rays. Its value is 1388 W/m 2 . If the solar constant for the earth is ‘s’. The surface temperature of the sun is TK, D is the diameter of the Sun, R is the mean distance of the Earth from the Sun. The sun subtends a small angle ‘θ’ at the earth. Then correct options is/are:–
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(b, c)
Let the diameter of the sun be D and its distance from the earth be R.
= θ
The radiation emitted by the surface of the sun per unit time is
σ T 4 = π D 2 σ T 4 .
At distance R, this radiation falls on an area 4 π R 2 in unit time. The radiation received at the earth’s surface per unit time per unit area is, therefore.
s = 
.
Thus s ∝ T 4 and s ∝ θ 2
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